icebear69

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2018-10-20

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	4142		0		0		8
Ø Tier	4,87		0,00		0,00		7,00
Victories	1868	45,10%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	1	12,50%
Defeats	2232	53,89%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	7	87,50%
Draws	42	1,01%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	941	22,72%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	1415	0,34	0	0,00	0	0,00	1	0,13
Destruction ratio	0,44		0,00		0,00		0,13
Tanks spotted	1911	0,46	0	0,00	0	0,00	4	0,50
Damage dealt	204,10		0,00		0,00		16,88
Capture points	2215	0,53	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	1722	0,42	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	196,98		0,00		0,00		133,75
WN7	353,80		0,00		0,00		-92,35
WN8	217,43		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	4142
Ø Tier	4,87
Victories	1868	45,10%
Defeats	2232	53,89%
Draws	42	1,01%
Battles survived	941	22,72%
Tanks destroyed	1415	0,34
Destruction ratio	0,44
Tanks spotted	1911	0,46
Damage dealt	204,10
Capture points	2215	0,53
Defense points	1722	0,42
Experience	196,98
WN7	353,80
WN8	217,43

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	8
Ø Tier	7,00
Victories	1	12,50%
Defeats	7	87,50%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	1	0,13
Destruction ratio	0,13
Tanks spotted	4	0,50
Damage dealt	16,88
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	133,75
WN7	-92,35
WN8	0,00

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	2		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	2	100,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	50,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	1	0,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	137,50		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	20,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	2
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	2	100,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	50,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	1	0,50
Damage dealt	137,50
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	20,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (76)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
Tiger I	7	344,30	263	266	40,98%	163,90
VK 30.01 (H)	5	319,48	232	261	44,83%	451,83
VK 30.02 (M)	6	271,04	230	250	41,60%	237,29
VK 30.01 (P)	6	276,24	232	247	41,70%	246,87
Jagdpanzer IV	6	281,94	223	193	44,56%	275,68
Panther	7	262,37	261	177	41,24%	128,05
Pz.Sfl. IVc	5	281,35	199	168	41,07%	427,83
Pz.Kpfw. III/IV	5	199,01	175	163	38,65%	273,85
VK 36.01 (H)	6	328,60	252	149	48,99%	369,52
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	144,60	150	136	44,12%	135,39
Nashorn	6	228,93	200	132	42,42%	140,74
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	93,40	144	129	45,74%	70,65
StuG III Ausf. G	5	263,63	205	125	52,00%	446,26
Marder II	3	148,62	162	117	53,85%	330,08
Leichttraktor	1	49,50	138	101	47,52%	58,73
Durchbruchswagen 2	4	106,66	156	98	44,90%	70,93
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	65,32	118	96	42,71%	29,18
Marder 38T	4	203,06	186	89	46,07%	333,95
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	272,85	240	89	48,31%	583,73
VK 16.02 Leopard	5	67,38	205	89	50,56%	115,97
Tiger II	8	213,68	259	87	39,08%	22,22
Pz.Kpfw. II Luchs	4	86,93	174	75	50,67%	133,32
Jagdpanther	7	227,61	210	71	39,44%	20,07
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. D	4	156,27	181	56	60,71%	407,52
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	25,71	154	56	41,07%	4,76
M2 Medium Tank	3	71,96	130	55	60,00%	174,10
BT-7	4	98,02	148	54	66,67%	434,00
VK 30.02 (D)	7	279,19	283	52	44,23%	178,97
Sturmpanzer II	4	108,27	155	51	58,82%	262,46
Pz.Kpfw. I Ausf. C	3	49,90	148	50	40,00%	6,01
Wespe	3	72,85	114	41	48,78%	117,74
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G	3	81,20	138	41	43,90%	86,58
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t)	3	140,72	140	25	44,00%	283,28
MKA	2	99,88	191	25	52,00%	221,70
G.Pz. Mk. VI (e)	2	14,83	66	24	37,50%	0,24
Cruiser Mk. III	3	97,30	142	20	55,00%	371,49
VK 20.01 (D)	4	146,89	174	19	47,37%	282,17
TKS z n.k.m. 20 mm	2	36,47	98	19	47,37%	90,19
Pz.Kpfw. 35 (t)	2	39,00	78	18	50,00%	82,83
T-29	3	72,56	105	18	33,33%	0,40
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. A	3	227,43	243	14	78,57%	841,48
T2 Medium Tank	2	99,79	109	14	42,86%	272,25
Pvlvv fm/42	2	65,29	90	14	21,43%	3,10
Pz.Kpfw. I	2	45,07	112	14	50,00%	108,40
Panther II	8	35,17	183	12	25,00%	0,00
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	58,67	86	12	25,00%	49,13
BT-2	2	108,00	140	11	36,36%	311,78
Vickers Mk. E Type B	2	44,70	73	10	40,00%	0,00
Renault FT	1	60,00	132	9	66,67%	306,87
Panzerjäger I	2	53,71	77	7	28,57%	0,00
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	75,14	104	7	42,86%	26,03
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. D	2	31,67	226	6	66,67%	236,25
T-50-2	6	40,00	205	6	66,67%	261,00
Strv m/38	2	43,00	147	6	66,67%	228,77
MS-1	1	71,40	167	5	80,00%	387,41
Super Hellcat	7	423,80	164	5	0,00%	308,22
Pz.Kpfw. IV Schmalturm	6	206,40	231	5	40,00%	105,51
Strv fm/21	1	64,40	108	5	20,00%	84,42
M14/41	2	102,40	153	5	60,00%	271,70
T1 Cunningham	1	53,50	69	4	25,00%	55,57
BT-7 artillery	3	132,00	188	4	75,00%	474,10
Renault Otsu	1	123,50	150	4	50,00%	520,96
Kolohousenka	1	49,75	73	4	50,00%	76,03
Pz.Sfl. IVb	4	0,00	137	3	66,67%	252,16
Rheinmetall Skorpion G	8	186,00	200	3	33,33%	0,00
Pz.Sfl. IC	4	115,00	226	3	33,33%	48,71
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28	6	0,00	181	3	33,33%	0,00
StuG III Ausf. B	4	207,67	176	3	33,33%	287,38
T-34	5	0,00	58	2	0,00%	0,00
4TP	1	69,00	138	2	50,00%	104,89
Valiant	5	0,00	193	2	50,00%	99,55
Fiat 3000	1	63,00	69	2	50,00%	119,79
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. F2	5	111,00	258	1	100,00%	261,00
T-45	2	364,00	273	1	0,00%	1669,81
ARL 44	6	0,00	144	1	0,00%	0,00
Type 97 Te-Ke	2	138,00	82	1	0,00%	396,43

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[PLB-9] Panzer Lehrbrigade 9

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2018-10-20

icebear69

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (76)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history