Bismarck_656

Position: Junior officer

Joined: 2023-07-10

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	4211		0		22		204
Ø Tier	4,74		0,00		6,73		6,74
Victories	1945	46,19%	0	0,00%	10	45,45%	92	45,10%
Defeats	2203	52,32%	0	0,00%	12	54,55%	109	53,43%
Draws	63	1,50%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	3	1,47%
Battles survived	812	19,28%	0	0,00%	3	13,64%	37	18,14%
Tanks destroyed	2021	0,48	0	0,00	5	0,23	103	0,50
Destruction ratio	0,59		0,00		0,26		0,62
Tanks spotted	3923	0,93	0	0,00	28	1,27	197	0,97
Damage dealt	425,82		0,00		671,05		656,87
Capture points	2169	0,52	0	0,00	24	1,09	24	0,12
Defense points	936	0,22	0	0,00	0	0,00	37	0,18
Experience	305,19		0,00		372,05		404,76
WN7	624,18		0,00		576,87		672,03
WN8	731,09		0,00		669,58		756,18

Total
Battles	4211
Ø Tier	4,74
Victories	1945	46,19%
Defeats	2203	52,32%
Draws	63	1,50%
Battles survived	812	19,28%
Tanks destroyed	2021	0,48
Destruction ratio	0,59
Tanks spotted	3923	0,93
Damage dealt	425,82
Capture points	2169	0,52
Defense points	936	0,22
Experience	305,19
WN7	624,18
WN8	731,09

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	22
Ø Tier	6,73
Victories	10	45,45%
Defeats	12	54,55%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	3	13,64%
Tanks destroyed	5	0,23
Destruction ratio	0,26
Tanks spotted	28	1,27
Damage dealt	671,05
Capture points	24	1,09
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	372,05
WN7	576,87
WN8	669,58

Past 30 days
Battles	204
Ø Tier	6,74
Victories	92	45,10%
Defeats	109	53,43%
Draws	3	1,47%
Battles survived	37	18,14%
Tanks destroyed	103	0,50
Destruction ratio	0,62
Tanks spotted	197	0,97
Damage dealt	656,87
Capture points	24	0,12
Defense points	37	0,18
Experience	404,76
WN7	672,03
WN8	756,18

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	1		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	1	100,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	637,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	101,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	1
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	1	100,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	637,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	101,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (81)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
T6 Medium	4	334,10	248	316	45,57%	623,80
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	312,03	211	261	36,02%	853,12
T1 Heavy Tank	5	523,99	390	257	51,75%	1012,35
Tiger II	8	955,46	501	219	47,95%	948,74
M4A3E8 Sherman	6	467,98	392	180	47,78%	761,03
Patton the Tank	9	868,83	478	179	50,28%	686,35
Pawlack Tank	6	581,82	424	172	47,09%	758,32
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	282,60	254	169	44,97%	742,23
Tiger I	7	880,22	574	162	49,38%	1097,75
AMX 13 (FL 11)	5	240,15	295	143	48,95%	536,05
M8A1	4	353,96	227	113	50,44%	808,27
StuG III Ausf. B	4	394,92	239	104	48,08%	884,03
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	334,09	379	89	53,93%	764,98
StuG III Ausf. G	5	423,92	281	88	51,14%	837,46
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	138,60	153	87	41,38%	347,18
M-II-Y	7	731,19	473	83	49,40%	821,10
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	239,61	216	72	31,94%	339,35
BT-7	4	186,77	214	65	52,31%	737,29
M10 Wolverine	5	288,79	221	62	38,71%	369,39
T-60	2	87,15	121	59	44,07%	204,13
VK 30.01 (H)	5	465,20	357	54	55,56%	870,06
Type T-34	5	403,85	310	54	53,70%	1065,94
VK 36.01 (H)	6	735,13	428	53	37,74%	1129,90
Leichttraktor	1	169,42	143	50	56,00%	699,00
Type 1 Chi-He	4	358,52	283	48	41,67%	998,57
M2 Light Tank	2	143,13	122	48	37,50%	350,64
Cruiser Mk. II	2	164,36	144	47	36,17%	430,58
Strv 74	6	504,48	376	42	38,10%	733,11
M3 Stuart	3	153,22	136	41	34,15%	366,45
M14/41	2	249,93	188	40	45,00%	730,00
T1 Cunningham	1	93,97	77	38	39,47%	306,93
M5 Stuart	4	293,03	223	35	40,00%	1111,91
E 75	9	597,06	403	33	33,33%	213,18
Tiger 131	6	621,21	518	29	68,97%	1059,59
Cruiser Mk. I	1	153,25	135	28	46,43%	559,54
Ikv 103	5	399,61	224	28	35,71%	768,73
T-28	4	354,89	266	27	44,44%	930,54
AMX 38	3	164,74	138	27	14,81%	430,38
Vickers Mk. E Type B	2	136,96	115	27	44,44%	379,42
BT-2	2	156,89	142	27	48,15%	652,25
Object 703 Version II	8	769,63	464	27	37,04%	516,17
CS-52 LIS	8	738,48	449	27	55,56%	709,94
M5A1 Stuart	4	338,60	297	25	60,00%	1240,29
TS-5	8	844,08	454	25	44,00%	595,69
AMX 40	4	231,56	326	25	68,00%	1101,97
Lago	4	318,56	261	25	60,00%	976,66
BT-5	3	237,08	162	24	33,33%	561,71
Strv m/42	5	291,50	235	22	40,91%	565,16
MS-1	1	191,29	150	21	66,67%	1104,81
FCM 36	2	101,00	114	21	57,14%	340,14
Cruiser Mk. III	3	138,62	142	21	33,33%	437,80
Type 95 Ha-Go	2	131,95	139	21	47,62%	462,42
ST vz. 39	4	370,63	266	19	47,37%	1269,26
Sav m/43	4	256,17	203	18	50,00%	567,90
Cruiser Mk. IV	4	159,50	209	18	55,56%	441,65
Strv m/38	2	107,00	122	17	35,29%	224,41
Somua S35	3	191,19	204	16	56,25%	403,26
Type 2597 Chi-Ha	3	219,43	158	14	21,43%	544,71
Type 97 Chi-Ha	3	134,15	163	13	38,46%	184,96
LT vz. 35	2	191,92	140	13	46,15%	765,95
P.43	5	442,00	325	12	50,00%	1152,43
Renault FT	1	57,67	67	12	33,33%	63,65
P26/40	4	423,83	349	12	66,67%	1230,77
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G	3	159,17	218	12	25,00%	433,28
4TP	1	118,45	121	11	36,36%	279,40
AMX ELC bis	5	232,20	176	10	20,00%	489,86
Škoda T 24	5	484,75	300	8	50,00%	1160,14
10TP	3	179,00	174	8	62,50%	631,80
Renault NC-31	1	99,14	120	7	57,14%	442,02
Panzerwagen 39	3	234,57	333	7	42,86%	891,33
Renault Otsu	1	80,00	112	7	28,57%	173,52
7TP	2	212,00	196	6	66,67%	817,21
M24 Chaffee	5	305,00	251	5	60,00%	892,06
B1	4	451,80	273	5	60,00%	1239,36
Type 58	6	744,20	501	5	60,00%	1258,62
Kolohousenka	1	72,20	91	5	40,00%	99,56
Strv m/40L	3	382,75	280	4	75,00%	1568,25
M15/42	3	311,67	275	3	100,00%	916,80
Fiat 3000	1	102,50	75	2	0,00%	252,20
14TP	4	170,00	277	1	100,00%	659,78
Valentine	3	281,00	265	1	100,00%	1179,78

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[GTHRO] Game of Thrones

Position: Junior officer

Joined: 2023-07-10

[DVREX] DVREX

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2023-03-07

Left: 2023-06-29

Bismarck_656

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (81)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history